For organisations helping to coordinate international research, innovations in online conferencing previously contemplated for slow adoption were instead planned and executed within mere months. Since the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 crisis has delivered an unprecedented shock to global research conferencing. Challenges exist for virtual events, such as emulating the intangible facets of in-person interactions, overcoming time-zone limitations, and digital divides. This study indicates that co-benefits can be achieved when transitioning online. The urgency of reducing CO 2 emissions in pursuit of planetary health and improving equity in scientific exchange requires new modalities of academic conferencing.

However, the online format resulted in lower participation in conference social events. This was achieved without a major change in the participant rating of the event. Transitioning online resulted in large reductions in travel-related aviation CO 2 emissions, alongside increased attendance-including among attendees from low-income and middle-income countries. We report on: absolute number of attendees, proportion of attendees from countries of different income levels, number of participants at social events, aviation CO 2 emissions, and overall ratings of the event by participants.

Using data from five annual international Agriculture, Nutrition and Health Academy Week conferences from 2016 to 2020, we explore whether moving to virtual conferencing produced co-benefits for climate, participation, attendee interaction, and satisfaction. Yet aviation travel to academic conferences is carbon-intensive and expensive, thus perpetuating planetary health and equity challenges. The advancement of science and evidence-based solutions for planetary health increasingly require interdisciplinary and international learning and sharing. The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific.

The Lancet Regional Health – Southeast Asia.

The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology.

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